Diversity in Living Organisms 1

Question 1 ( 1.0 marks)

Carl Woese further subdivided kingdom monera into two categories. What are these?

Solution:

Eubacteria and archaebacteria

Question 2 ( 1.0 marks)

Name the group of plants that do not contain well-differentiated body components.

Solution:

Thallophyta (algae)

Question 3 ( 1.0 marks)

Which fundamental characteristic separates animals from plants?

Solution:

Locomotion is present in animals, and not in plants.

Question 4 ( 2.0 marks)

Draw a branch diagram to represent the five-kingdom classification.

Solution:

Question 5 ( 2.0 marks)

Mention the main features of kingdom monera.

Solution:

Main features of kingdom monera:

(i) Absence of a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

(ii) Absence of multicellular design; all of them are unicellular

Question 6 ( 2.0 marks)

State any two general features of division gymnospermae.

Solution:

Two features of division gymnospermae:

(i) Vascular bundles are present, but the xylem lacks vessels and the phloem lacks companion cells.

(ii) Naked seeds are produced; they are not enclosed inside the fruits.

Question 7 ( 3.0 marks)

A certain organism is multicellular, eukaryotic, possesses cell wall, but has saprophytic mode of nutrition. To which kingdom does this organism belong? Write its general features.

Solution:

The organism belongs to kingdom fungi.

The general features of kingdom fungi are −
(i) They are multicellular eukaryotic organisms, and are saprophytes.
(ii) Their body consists of mycelium, made up of filamentous multicellular hyphae.

(iii) Their cell wall is made up of a complex sugar called chitin.

Question 8 ( 3.0 marks)

What are the land adaptations of reptiles?

Solution:

Land adaptations of reptiles:

(i) The body of a reptile is covered with dry and cornified skin so as to prevent water loss. This helps them survive in hot & dry conditions.
(ii) Reptiles lay eggs on land, and not in water, because their eggs have tough protective coverings that protect them in the dry conditions on land.

(iii) For crawling, they have scales and well-developed muscular and skeletal systems.

Question 9 ( 5.0 marks)

What is coelom? What are its functions? Explain its types.

Solution:

Coelom, also known as body cavity, is a fluid-filled space between the body wall and the digestive tract.

Functions of coelom:
(i) It contains internal organs. It acts as a shock absorber, and thus, protects internal organs from external shocks.
(ii) It allows greater body flexibility.
Types of coelom:
(i) Pseudo coelom − It is the false body cavity which is not lined by mesoderm, but is scattered between ectoderm and endoderm. In this, organs are held in place loosely, and they are not well organised as in a true coelom. Animals of phylum nematode are pseudo coelomate.

(ii) True coelom − It is further divided into schizocoelom and enterocoelom.

Schizocoelom − It is the body cavity formed from parts of mesoderm.
It includes phyla Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda.
Enterocoelom − It is the body cavity formed from pouches that are pinched off from endoderm.

It includes phyla Echinodermata and Chordata.

Question 10 ( 5.0 marks)

Answer the following questions.

(i) Give two examples each of a monocot and a dicot.
(ii) Differentiate between a monocot and a dicot.

(iii) Why are bryophytes called the amphibians of plant kingdom?

Solution:

(i) Examples of a monocot:

Wheat and rice
Examples of a dicot:
Gram and kidney beans
(ii)

-	Monocot	-	Dicot
1.	The seeds of these plants have one cotyledon.	1.	The seeds of these plants have two cotyledons.
2.	Vascular bundles are scattered.	2.	Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring.
3.	These plants have adventitious roots.	3.	These plants have tap roots.
4.	Their leaves show parallel venation.	4.	Their leaves show reticulate venation.

(iii) Bryophytes are called the amphibians of plant kingdom because they need moist habitat for their growth. They are not completely aquatic or terrestrial.